Development of Hybrid Solar-Thermal Energy Harvesting Technologies

Abstract

Hybrid solar-thermal energy harvesting technologies combine photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal systems to optimize the utilization of solar energy for electricity generation and heat applications. Traditional photovoltaic modules convert a portion of incident solar radiation into electricity, with substantial energy lost as heat. Integrating thermal collectors with PV systems allows simultaneous electrical and thermal energy harvesting, improving overall system efficiency. This paper examines the design, development, and performance evaluation of hybrid solar thermal energy systems. The study explores material selection, thermal management techniques, and energy conversion optimization strategies. Simulation and experimental prototypes were developed to assess electrical output, thermal efficiency, and energy yield under varying irradiance and temperature conditions. Results demonstrate that hybrid systems can achieve up to 45–60% overall energy utilization, significantly surpassing standalone PV modules. The integration of phase-change materials (PCMs) and heat exchangers enhances thermal regulation and maintains optimal PV efficiency. The paper further discusses challenges such as cost effectiveness, scalability, system integration, and long-term durability. Hybrid solar-thermal systems represent a viable pathway toward sustainable energy generation, offering both electricity and heat for industrial, residential, and agricultural applications. Their deployment contributes to national renewable energy targets and reduces reliance on fossil fuels, advancing global energy sustainability objectives.