Development and Characterization of Antimicrobial Coatings for Use in Public Health and Medical Devices

Abstract

The rise of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and contamination incidents in public spaces has intensified the need for durable antimicrobial coatings capable of preventing microbial adhesion and proliferation. This study investigates the development, material formulation, and performance evaluation of antimicrobial coatings specifically designed for public health infrastructures and medical devices. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), copper oxide (CuO), and zinc oxide (ZnO) were incorporated into polymeric and sol-gel matrices to enhance antimicrobial activity, mechanical durability, and biocompatibility. Laboratory analysis focused on microbial inhibition efficiency, surface morphology, coating adhesion, and long-term stability under simulated environmental and clinical conditions. Results reveal that nanocomposite coatings significantly reduce the viability of E. coli, S. aureus, and fungal species, demonstrating bactericidal rates exceeding 95% under optimized concentrations. The findings emphasize the potential of engineered antimicrobial surfaces in reducing infection risks, enhancing medical-device safety, and improving public hygiene standards.