Fabrication and Electrochemical Analysis of Novel Energy Storage Devices Based on Nanostructured Materials

Abstract

Nanostructured materials offer transformative potential for energy storage because they combine large surface area, controlled morphology, and enhanced electron/ion transport pathways, which together improve both power and energy density. In this work, we synthesize a range of nanostructured electrode materials including metal-oxide nanostructures (e.g., Mo-based oxides), carbon–metal oxide composites, and hybrid architectures using sol-gel, electrochemical deposition, and hydrothermal techniques. These materials are integrated into prototype supercapacitor and battery devices, where their electrochemical behavior is characterized via cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Our results demonstrate that nanoscale structuring significantly reduces charge-
transfer resistance, accelerates ion diffusion, and yields high capacitance retention over extended cycling. In particular, Mo-based nanostructures and Mn-oxide nanocomposites show exceptional pseudocapacitive behaviour, while carbon–metal oxide composites deliver synergistic benefits in stability and rate performance. This study validates scalable fabrication strategies for nanostructured electrodes and underscores their
viability for next-generation high-performance energy storage systems