Novel Approaches for Soil Remediation Using Bioremediation Techniques to Restore Agricultural Productivity

Abstract

Soil degradation caused by industrial pollution, agrochemical overuse and heavy metal accumulation presents a major challenge to global agricultural productivity. Conventional remediation strategies such as excavation, chemical amendments and soil washing are often expensive, disruptive and environmentally hazardous, necessitating the development of sustainable alternatives. Bioremediation has emerged as an effective, ecological and cost-efficient strategy to restore soil quality using microorganisms, plants and enzymatic pathways capable of transforming or immobilizing contaminants. This study investigates novel approaches in bioremediation, including microbial consortia engineering,
rhizoremediation optimization, biochar-supported microbial systems and genetically enhanced strains
designed to withstand high toxicity levels. The research integrates laboratory experiments, field trials and computational modelling to assess contaminant degradation kinetics, soil health recovery and crop productivity outcomes. Significant improvements were observed in heavy metal immobilization, hydrocarbon degradation and nutrient profile restoration across multiple soil types. Results confirm that advanced bioremediation provides long-term ecological restoration with minimal soil disturbance compared to conventional methods. The study highlights the need for scalable frameworks, continuous microbial-soil interaction monitoring and localized strategies that account for soil composition and climatic influence. Ultimately, the findings demonstrate that novel bioremediation techniques can significantly enhance agricultural sustainability and enable productive reuse of contaminated lands.