Performance Analysis and Thermal Insulation Characteristics of Innovative Eco-Friendly Building Materials

Abstract

The urgent demand for sustainable construction practices has encouraged the adoption of eco- friendly building materials with enhanced thermal insulation capabilities. This study investigates the performance characteristics, thermal resistance, energy efficiency benefits, and environmental impact of three emerging green materials: hempcrete, recycled cellulose fiber, and aerogel enhanced composites. The objective is to examine how these materials perform under differential temperature conditions, their conductivity behavior, long-term structural stability, and potential applicability in residential and commercial infrastructures. Experimental evaluations included thermal conductivity measurements, moisture diffusion analysis, and thermal cycling tests to study material degradation and resilience. Results indicate that hempcrete exhibits low thermal conductivity due to its porous structure, recycled cellulose provides stable insulation across varied humidity ranges, and aerogel-based composites outperform conventional insulation due to nanoporous architectures that minimize heat transfer. The findings confirm that eco-friendly insulating materials significantly reduce operational energy consumption, support passive cooling, and contribute to climate-conscious architecture. By comparing functional properties and environmental benefits, this research highlights their potential as competitive alternatives to conventional materials like mineral wool and polystyrene. The conclusions emphasize the importance of integrating these materials into future green building codes to support sustainable urban development.