Review of Sustainable Waste ManagementStrategies Technologies, Policies, and Case Studies

Abstract

The Sustainable waste management has become a critical global priority as urbanization, industrial expansion, and consumption patterns generate unprecedented volumes of waste. Traditional
disposal-based systems, dominated by landfilling and open dumping, are no longer viable due to their environmental, social, and economic consequences. This paper provides a comprehensive review of sustainable waste management strategies, focusing on technological innovations, policy frameworks, and international case studies. The analysis highlights how circular economy principles and resource recovery technologies are reshaping contemporary waste practices, supported by digital monitoring tools and strong governance models. Global examples from developed and developing regions reveal structural successes and persistent barriers. The review concludes that integrating technology, policy, and community engagement is essential for creating resilient and environmentally responsible waste systems [1]–[3].