Robotics and Automation in Modern Manufacturing: Trends, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Abstract

The integration of robotics and automation in modern manufacturing has revolutionized industrial operations, driving efficiency, precision, and productivity across various sectors. This review paper explores the latest trends, challenges, and future prospects associated with the adoption of these technologies. Key trends include the rise of collaborative robots (cobots), the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in automated systems, and the expansion of Industry 4.0 and smart factories. Despite these advancements, manufacturers face several challenges such as high implementation costs, cybersecurity threats, workforce displacement, and the need for skilled labor. The paper also discusses how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are navigating automation adoption, often constrained by budget and infrastructure. Looking ahead, the convergence of robotics with emerging technologies like 5G, edge computing, and digital twins promises to further enhance automation capabilities. Additionally, sustainable manufacturing practices are being increasingly integrated into robotic systems to reduce environmental impact. This review concludes that while robotics and automation continue to transform manufacturing landscapes, a balanced approach addressing economic, technical, and social dimensions is essential to unlock their full potential. The findings aim to provide insights for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers invested in shaping the future of manufacturing