Innovations in Water Resource Management and Treatment Engineering for Sustainable Urban Develop

Abstract

Rapid urbanization poses significant challenges to sustainable water resource management, including increased demand, pollution, and climate-induced variability. This review explores recent innovations in water resource management and treatment engineering that support sustainable urban development. It highlights integrated water resource management (IWRM) approaches, smart water systems utilizing real-time monitoring and data analytics, and decentralized treatment technologies like membrane bioreactors and constructed wetlands. Emphasis is placed on water reuse, stormwater harvesting, and green infrastructure solutions, which enhance resilience and reduce pressure on central systems. The paper also examines emerging technologies such as nanomaterials, advanced oxidation processes, and energy-efficient desalination, assessing their applicability and limitations in urban contexts. Policy frameworks and public- private partnerships are discussed as enablers of technology adoption and long-term sustainability. By synthesizing multidisciplinary advances, this review underscores the importance of coupling technological innovation with holistic planning and stakeholder engagement. The integration of nature-based solutions with digital tools can foster adaptive, efficient, and equitable water systems in cities. This paper concludes that a paradigm shift toward circular and inclusive water management is essential to meet the growing needs of urban populations while preserving environmental and public health.