Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Engineering: Applications in Urban Planning and Resource Management

Abstract

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as powerful tools in engineering, enabling spatial analysis, data visualization, and informed decision-making across a range of disciplines. In urban planning and resource management, GIS plays a critical role by integrating geospatial data with engineering models to optimize land use, infrastructure development, environmental monitoring, and public service delivery. This review paper explores the diverse applications of GIS in these domains, highlighting how it supports urban growth modeling, transportation planning, utility management, and disaster risk assessment. GIS facilitates scenario analysis and predictive modeling, allowing planners and engineers to evaluate the long-term impacts of development decisions. In resource management, GIS contributes to the efficient allocation and monitoring of natural resources such as water, minerals, and forests, while also aiding in sustainability and conservation efforts. The paper also examines advancements in GIS technologies, including real-time data integration, remote sensing, and web-based platforms, which enhance accessibility and collaborative planning. Challenges related to data accuracy, interoperability, and implementation costs are discussed, alongside emerging solutions. By synthesizing recent developments and practical case studies, this review underscores the growing importance of GIS as an essential component in modern engineering strategies for sustainable urban and environmental development.