Sustainable Biopolymer Development from Agricultural Waste for Eco-Friendly Packaging Solutions

Abstract

The escalating environmental concerns associated with plastic pollution have intensified the demand for sustainable and biodegradable alternatives in packaging industries. Conventional petroleum- based plastics, while offering durability and cost efficiency, contribute significantly to environmental degradation due to their non-biodegradable nature. This study explores the development of sustainable biopolymers derived from agricultural waste for eco-friendly packaging applications. Agricultural residues such as rice husk, wheat straw, corn stover, and sugarcane bagasse are utilized as raw materials for biopolymer synthesis. The research focuses on extraction, processing, and modification of natural polymers including cellulose, starch, and lignin to enhance their mechanical and barrier properties. Various fabrication techniques, including solvent casting and extrusion, are employed to produce biodegradable films. The results demonstrate that biopolymer composites reinforced with natural fibers exhibit improved tensile strength, flexibility, and moisture resistance. Furthermore, the study evaluates the biodegradability and environmental impact of the developed materials, highlighting their potential as sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics. The findings contribute to the advancement of green materials and support the transition toward circular economy practices in the packaging sector.