Development of Green Hydrogen Production Technologies Using Advanced Catalysts

Abstract

The transition to sustainable energy sources has intensified research on green hydrogen production as a clean and renewable fuel alternative. Green hydrogen, generated from water electrolysis powered by renewable energy, offers zero carbon emissions and supports decarbonization across industrial, transportation, and power sectors. This paper investigates the development of advanced catalysts for enhancing efficiency, selectivity, and durability in hydrogen evolution reactions. Various catalytic materials, including transition metal alloys, perovskites, nanostructured platinum-group metals, and earth-abundant metal oxides, were evaluated for performance in proton-exchange membrane and alkaline electrolysis systems. Experimental studies coupled with computational modeling examined reaction kinetics, overpotential reduction, and stability under operational conditions. Results demonstrate that optimized catalyst structures can significantly reduce energy consumption, increase hydrogen production rates, and maintain long-term operational stability. The paper further discusses the integration of catalyst technologies with solar and wind-driven electrolysis, exploring techno-economic feasibility, scalability, and environmental impact. Challenges related to cost, material availability, and electrode degradation are addressed, highlighting research pathways for industrial adoption. The findings underscore the critical role of advanced catalysts in advancing green hydrogen technologies, offering a pathway toward sustainable energy solutions and carbon-neutral industrial processes.