Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems: Design Optimization and Performance Analysis for Future Power Networks

Abstract

Hydrogen energy storage has emerged as a promising solution to address intermittency challenges associated with high penetration of renewable energy sources in modern power networks. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of hydrogen-based energy storage systems, focusing on system design optimization, dynamic modeling, and performance evaluation under grid-connected conditions. The study examines electrolyzer-fuel cell integration, storage technologies, and power conversion interfaces. Mathematical modeling and simulation-based analysis demonstrate improved grid stability, enhanced renewable utilization, and reduced curtailment losses. The results indicate that optimized hydrogen storage configurations significantly contribute to long-term energy reliability and decarbonization objectives in future power systems.