Investigation and Optimization of Innovative Recycling Techniques for Electronic Waste to Maximize Material Recovery

Abstract

The exponential growth of electronic device consumption has resulted in a rapid increase in electronic waste, posing severe environmental, economic, and public health challenges. Electronic waste contains a complex mixture of valuable metals, hazardous substances, and non-degradable polymers, making its management both critical and technically challenging. This study investigates and optimizes innovative recycling techniques aimed at maximizing material recovery from electronic waste streams while minimizing environmental impact. A hybrid recycling framework integrating mechanical separation, hydrometallurgical processing, and selective thermal treatment was developed and experimentally evaluated. The recovery efficiency of critical metals such as copper, aluminum, and precious metals was analyzed alongside energy consumption and secondary waste generation. Process optimization was performed through parametric analysis of operating conditions to enhance recovery yield and process sustainability. Environmental impact assessment and techno-economic evaluation were conducted to examine the feasibility of large-scale implementation. Results demonstrate that optimized hybrid recycling routes significantly outperform conventional recycling practices in terms of material recovery efficiency and environmental performance. The findings provide a comprehensive foundation for sustainable electronic waste management strategies aligned with circular economy principles.